Papillomatosis of the genital organs increases the risk of infection for both partners and complicates intimate life, and during childbirth it is often transmitted from woman to child.
Causes
The main reason for the formation of growths is HPV, which enters the body in various ways. It is introduced into the cells of squamous epithelium and stays in them for a long time without making itself known. The patient may not be aware of such an infection until the prerequisites for its multiplication and the appearance of neoplasms arise. With a decrease in immunity, growths often appear on the body.
Experts identify factors that increase the risk of growths:
- frequent stress;
- nervous, physical overwork;
- avitaminosis;
- decreased immunity;
- old age of the patient;
- too many sexual partners;
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- taking oral contraceptives for a long time.
The causes of papillomas can be hidden in endocrine disorders, pathologies of the digestive system, and excess weight. The incubation period lasts about a year and if the immune system is working well, the infection may not manifest itself. HPV is often transmitted through contact with infected objects in everyday life, when using common washcloths, razors, and towels. Infection can occur through sexual intercourse or from a woman to a child during childbirth.
Views
Dermatologists distinguish several types of papillomas:
- Simple. The neoplasm looks like a cauliflower or cockscomb, the surface of which resembles small papillae.
- Plantar. These build-ups cause slight discomfort.
- Flat. The site of localization of such neoplasms is the epithelium of the cervix. Flat papillomas look like flat nodules that are itchy.
- Filamentous. Such tumors are often found in patients over 50 years of age, look like small nodules and do not cause the development of pronounced symptoms.
- Pointed. They resemble papillary formations, which are localized both as separate elements and merge into whole groups. In each case, genital warts are provoked by certain types of the virus that are transmitted during intercourse. The place of formation of genital warts is the intimate zone, the groin, anus, perineum.
Angiopapilloma is an internal growth that forms from connective tissue. It attaches to the vascular walls and is capable of provoking the development of cancer.
Neoplasms in the visible areas of the body and in the intimate area often cause psychological discomfort and problems in sexual activity. The formation of papilloma on the uterus can end in cancer.
Types
There are several types of HPV, taking into account the possible occurrence of cancerous lesions of the skin and internal organs.
Squamous
The appearance of papilloma is due to the rapid growth of the squamous epithelium of the epidermis. In young people, this type of neoplasm can form in areas of the body that are too often injured.
Squamous cell papillomas are round-shaped tumors with a wide base and neoplasms with a thin stem. At the beginning of their development, they are motionless, colored in a light or brown tone. Constant trauma to such formations can provoke their inflammation, cell mutation begins and their transformation into cancerous ones. In the absence of effective treatment, there is a high risk of developing cancer.
Inverted
Quite rarely, an inverted papilloma appears on the body. The area of its appearance is the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The growth of neoplasms in the frontal and maxillary sinuses is possible.
A feature of the manifestation of papillomavirus is a one-sided lesion. The germination of an inverted growth in the bone is possible, which ends with a lesion of the palate, bones of the skull, nasal sinuses, and the walls of the orbit.
Inverted large papilloma causes nasal congestion, bleeding, and nasal discharge. When a tumor grows to a large size, the facial skeleton is deformed and shifted to the side of the affected organ of vision.
Localization
Skin papillomas can form in various areas of the body. Discomfort is caused by growths on the face, and when placed on the body, they are constantly injured when they come into contact with clothes.
Experts identify several places where papillomas occur:
- Groin area, armpits and lower abdomen with obesity. In the fairer sex, various types of neoplasms can be localized under the breasts.
- The area of the neck, face, abdomen, back. On the face, the area of papillomas mainly becomes the area of the mouth, eyes, eyelids.
- The genitals. This area is often the site of genital warts.
- Internal organs. Neoplasms appear on the tissues of the intestines, stomach and bladder.
- Feet. Often, spine warts appear in this part of the body.
The place of appearance of viral neoplasms can be the oral mucosa, bladder, mammary glands, internal genital organs.
Symptoms of education
When HPV is activated, neoplasms of various types appear on the skin. Their signs are similar to each other, but there are differences.
Warts
You can determine the formation of warts on the skin according to certain symptoms:
- the size of the tumor does not exceed 1 cm;
- the wart has clear external boundaries, an inhomogeneous surface and density is felt on palpation;
- the color of the build-up can be from light gray to black;
- the neoplasm has an irregular rounded shape.
The site of localization of the growth is mainly open areas of the body, and especially those that are constantly injured by something. Warts often appear on the hands, fingers, knees, and head in the area of hair growth.
Papillomas
You can independently diagnose a growth if you know what the body of a papilloma looks like. They are skin growths with a rather thin stem or a flat base. Mostly infection with the virus occurs in public places with high humidity. It is in such an environment that he feels ideal and begins to multiply rapidly.
Patients need to know what papillomas look like on the body. The first sign of a tumor is a slight burning sensation, a slight tingling sensation in the epidermis. After a while, neoplasms appear in this zone. Gradually they stretch and lengthen, their size increases to 1-1. 5 cm.
Often, papilloma on the skin forms in elderly patients and begins to actively increase in size. The area where the growths are located are the chest, groin area, and the area under the armpits. They are colored flesh-colored or slightly yellowish. The presence of the virus in the female body significantly increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Warts
Genital warts are formed under the influence of certain types of HPV, which enter the bloodstream exclusively through intercourse. Usually, the area of the anus and external genital organs, rarely the oropharynx, becomes the focus of localization of growths.
Warts are papillary growths that form on various parts of the body. Individual elements often connect to each other and form a tumor that resembles a cock's comb in appearance.
Incubation period
The papilloma virus has a long incubation period that can last for many years. This means that it is rather difficult to determine the moment when the infectious agent has entered the body. The activity of the virus can increase under the influence of various factors that disrupt the functioning of the immune system.
Once in the body, the virus is introduced into the nuclei of the cells of the dermis and begins to multiply there rapidly. With a decrease in the body's defenses, small papillae begin to appear on the surface of the skin, which include several cells. They grow slowly and can reach 10 cm.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of papilloma begins with an examination of the patient by an immunologist or dermatologist. The patient's history and symptoms are examined. Laboratory and instrumental studies help to identify the cause of the appearance of neoplasms on the body.
The standard diagnostic program includes:
- general and biochemical blood test;
- PCR test;
- biopsy of the material.
Based on the research results, effective and safe methods of therapy are selected.
Treatment
It is recommended to start treating papillomas immediately after their detection. The choice of method depends on the area of localization of neoplasms, the reasons for their appearance, the form of HPV. How to quickly cure papilloma can only be determined by a specialist.
Cryocoagulation
With this method of therapy, neoplasms are removed with liquid nitrogen, which causes the water in the cells to freeze and die. Cryodestruction is carried out only if the tumor is benign and there are no cancer cells in it.
The procedure is considered painless, but if the skin is too sensitive, they resort to the introduction of novocaine. After the treatment of the skin with liquid nitrogen, they turn white and a small bubble forms, inside which a transparent or pink liquid accumulates. When removing growths by freezing, unpleasant sensations in the form of a burning sensation may appear, but they gradually disappear. After cryodestruction, it is recommended to treat the epidermis with a solution of potassium permanganate or boric alcohol several times during the day.
After a few days, the bladder bursts and a crust forms, which protects the wound from infection. Over time, it disappears and healthy skin remains under it.
Surgical method
The operation to remove papilloma on the skin is considered the most radical method of removal, but it is not used so often. The indication for surgery is large papillomas.
During the operation, the doctor excises a small area of healthy tissue, which prevents the re-formation of the outgrowth. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and lasts no more than 10-15 minutes. The patient does not feel pain, and after the completion of the manipulation, a suture is applied. The disadvantage of this method is considered to be a long period of wound healing, the formation of scars, scars on the body.
Laser removal
How the papilloma will be treated is decided by the doctor after examining the patient. The most modern method of removing growths is considered to be laser treatment, before which an analysis is done to exclude cancer cells. The area of the body where the papilloma is located is anesthetized with lidocaine. Then they act on it with laser beams and completely remove it. When treated in this way, water is evaporated in the damaged cells, they dry out and form a crust.
After some time, the skin turns red, swells, but this reaction takes place after 2-3 days. The crust falls off on its own after 5-7 days and a delicate pink skin appears instead.
Chemical attack
An effective way to combat pathology is considered to be a chemical effect on papillomas. Removal of genital warts is carried out with special preparations containing organic acids.
With the help of an applicator, they are applied to the surface of the formation and they are cauterized. Under the influence of chemicals, the growth cells are destroyed, and it disappears.
Treatment with medications
Medical treatment for papilloma includes:
- Pills. Infection with a virus occurs due to a decrease in immunity, therefore, the action of drugs is aimed at increasing the body's defenses. The patient is prescribed to take vitamins, immunomodulators, antiviral agents.
- Preparations for local treatment. A good effect is the use of creams and ointments with antiviral action. For small tumors on the penis, gels and creams are selected that stimulate the production of interferon. To remove growths, the doctor prescribes solutions with cauterizing properties.
Only a doctor can determine whether to remove papillomas in various parts of the body.
Immunomodulators
How to treat multiple papillomas on the body depends on their size and area of localization. An integrated approach involves treatment with immunomodulators, the action of which activates the body's natural defenses.
There are several types of HPV, so such drugs should be selected by a specialist after immunological studies. With papillomas in women, it is recommended to pay special attention to natural immunomodulators that help restore immunity at the DNA level.
Self-deletion
Treating large papillomas at home can aggravate a person's condition and cause the virus to spread throughout the body. The possibility of using funds for self-removal of growths is determined by a dermatologist. This method of treatment is possible only in the absence of an oncogenic factor and suspicions of a malignant growth.
Self-treatment of benign neoplasms includes the use of topical ointments, medication prescribed by a doctor.
Traditional methods of treatment
In addition to the treatment regimen selected by the doctor, it is allowed to use alternative methods of treatment. It is possible to stop the intensive growth of papillomas and provoke its destruction when smeared with celandine, dandelion or sour apple juice.
You can lubricate the neoplasm with the protein of a fresh egg every day and wait for it to dry. After a while, dry papilloma will fall off by itself. At the pharmacy, you can buy a special adhesive tape, which is glued for a long time, and then the neoplasm is cleaned off.
To eliminate the defect, it is recommended to cut a clove of garlic and rub the growth on the skin with it for several days in a row.
Treatment with home and folk remedies is a long process. For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to combine it with taking medications that have an antiviral effect.
Prophylaxis
The prevention of human papillomavirus is possible by maintaining body hygiene, timely treatment of any injuries on the epidermis and their healing. To prevent infection, you must use personal hygiene products.
Prevention of papillomas involves the rejection of casual sexual intercourse, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and increased immunity. The virus is capable of becoming a provoking factor in the formation of papilloma on the cervix and the development of cancer. Women should regularly visit a mammologist with a gynecologist, be sure to adhere to proper nutrition. What to do if papilloma is detected, it is recommended to ask your doctor and not to self-medicate.